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Книга по требованию: Translations and Reprints From the Original Sources of European History, Vol. 4 (Classic Reprint)

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Год издания: 2015
Страниц: 182 Переплет: мягкая обложка
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Excerpt from Translations and Reprints From the Original Sources of European History, Vol. 4

The tradition of the ten persecutions of the Christians is of no value, for, if looked at in one way, the number is entirely too small, or, if it has reference only to the great persecutions, it is too large. Gibbon suggests that the ingenious parallels of the ten plagues of Egypt and the ten horns of the Apocalypse first suggested this calculation to the ecclesiastical writers of the fifth century, who determined this number. According to this calculation, the ten persecutions were those which occurred under Nero, Domitian, Trajan, Marcus Aurelius, Septimius Severus, Maxiniinus, Decius, Valerian, Aurelian, and Diocletian and Galerius.

There was no general persecution until after the decree of Decius(250 A.D.). Before this all persecutions were the results of administrative action, and consequently might occur at any time and at any place without affecting the rest of the empire. They depended on local feeling and the character of the governor, not on that of the emperor. The Christians were outlaws and it was for the Name that they were persecuted, not because they held illegal assemblies: they were members of a body essentially hostile to the organization of the state. Nero originated the policy, when he seized upon the Christians as scapegoats to avert the suspicion which had fallen on him of having set fire to Rome; and this he probably made a permanent, systematic measure of administration.

After the time of Nero, persecutions of greater or less intensity and extent broke out now and then according to circumstances; but it is to be noted that they were always a possibility. When consulted, Trajan, Hadrian and Marcus Aurelius all indorsed this policy in rescripts to provincial governors: Christians were not to be sought out, but were to be condemned to death for the Name when an accusation was brought against them by a definite person.

The extract from Tertullian is noteworthy because he, in common with all the early church fathers, insisted that only bad emperors persecuted; modern scholars are wont to say that a good emperor, who had the welfare of the state at heart, was almost necessarily a persecutor. Tertullian sstatement may have been biased, to some extent, by the fact that it was made in an apology, which was intended to influence official action.

Tertullian Sgeneral Statement.

Liber Apologeticus, ch, 5, Opera ed, Oehler (Leipsic, 1853) vol. I, p. 130 sq. Latin.

To reconsider the origin of such laws, there was an old decree that no God should be consecrated by the emperor, unless sanctioned by the senate. M.Aemilius knows how it was with his god, Alburnus.

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