Книга: Graph theory: Graph (mathematics), Graph, Leonhard Euler, Alexandre-Theophile Vandermonde, Gottfried Leibniz

In mathematics and computer science, graph theory is the study of graphs : mathematical structures used to model pairwise relations between objects from a certain collection. A 'graph' in this context refers to a collection of vertices or 'nodes' and a collection of edges that connect pairs of vertices. A graph may be undirected , meaning that there is no distinction between the two vertices associated with each edge or its edges may be directed from one vertex to another see graph (mathematics) for more detailed definitions and for other variations in the types of graphs that are commonly considered. The graphs studied in graph theory should not be confused with 'graphs of functions' and other kinds of graphs.