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Книга по требованию: Lecture on the Turning Powers of Ships (Classic Reprint)

Товар № 11263063
Вес: 0.08 кг.
Год издания: 2015
Страниц: 42 Переплет: мягкая обложка
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Excerpt from Lecture on the Turning Powers of Ships

In acceding to the request of the council, and preparing a paper on "The Turning Powers of Ships," it seemed advisable to consider those parts of the subject which have the greatest practical interest for naval officers, as affecting the management of existing ships of war. In these vessels the rudder is the chief source of maneuvering power, aided in many cases by the action of the propellers; and to these means of turning i shall chiefly refer. Of the various plans which have been pro posed or tried for increasing the maneuvering capabilities of ships I shall say but little; t)f the mechanical appliances by which the movements of the helm are controlled I shall attempt no description. My principal aim will be to summarize and illustrate, in as brief and practical a manner as possible, the principles which govern the behavior of screw steamships when turning under the action of their rudders or propellers.

The general theory of the action of the rudder was clearly stated in the earliest treatises on naval architecture published during the eighteenth century. Our present knowledge of the subject owes its chief extensions not to mathematical investigation, but to direct experiment. It is customary both in the Royal Navy and in foreign navies to make a series of turning trials in connection with the steam trials of a new ship before she proceeds to sea. These preliminary or "constructors'" trials are useful not only as affording thorough tests of the efficiency of the rudder and steering gear in a new ship; they have also furnished valuable data as to the steering qualities of ships of different classes, and have helped to correct some deductions made from purely theoretical investigations. As usually conducted, these constructors turning trials are made in smooth water and light winds, with the helm hard over to port or to starboard, the ship running with engines at full or half power. The observations made include (1) a record of the time occupied in putting the helm over;(2) a record of the time occupied in turning the half circle end full circle, respectively; (3) a measurement of the diameters of the "circles" in which the ship turns. In some cases the turning trials are extended to other speeds than those corresponding to full or half power; or to angles of helm varying from hard over down to small angles with the keel line; but these extensions are not common. Additional trials are also made in twin screw ships, or ships with other kinds of duplicate propellers, to determine their behavior when one propeller is working ahead and the other astern, or when one propeller only is at work. It need hardly be added, however, that even the fullest constructors trials do not furnish all or nearly all the information respecting the steering qualities of ships which commanding officers require.

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