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Книга по требованию: Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota

Товар № 11263734

In the Years 1855-'56-'57; Reprint (Classic Reprint)

Вес: 0.22 кг.
Год издания: 2015
Страниц: 130 Переплет: мягкая обложка
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Excerpt from Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota: In the Years 1855-'56-'57; Reprint

Sir: I submit the following annual report upon the operations of the department carried on under this office.

I. - The Experiment of Sinking Artesian Wells Upon the Public Lands.

In my last annual report to the department (November 30, 1857,) it was stated that the expedition to continue the experiment of sinking artesian wells upon the public lands, assigned by the department to Captain John Pope, Topographical Engineers, under instructions of May 5, arrived at the former camp on the Pecos on the 2d of September, 1857, and resumed work upon the well which had been bored to the depth of eight hundred and sixty-one feet the previous year.

The operations at this point were carried on for a year, when they were terminated by authority of the department, it having been considered that they had demonstrated that, with any reasonable amount of expenditure, artesian wells on the Llano Estacado, and plains of similar formation and position, are impracticable. The depth attained was one thousand and fifty feet.

The work was continued during the winter, which, from its unusual severity, increased the labors and hardships of the party, exposed, as it was, in tents on the bleak plain. The difficulties encountered were far greater than had been anticipated by Captain Pope, but were constantly met with skill, zeal, and perseverance.

The impracticability of carrying the boring to a greater depth with the means provided, is attributable to the incoherent nature of the soft sandstones, marls, and clays, which, throughout the whole depth of the well, fell in and packed so firmly around the tubing, that, in forcing it down, the threads of the connecting screws were stripped off, and the tubes themselves split and crushed. From the same cause, when it became necessary to withdraw the tubes upon the accidental loss in the well of the heavy iron rod connected with the cutting tools, and subsequently of the slips holding the cutters, long delays occurred; and in one of these cases the well could only be cleared by boring and spearing up a part of the tubing. Near the bottom of the well thin scams of hard limestone were met, the jagged edges of which cut the wooden rods in two, and bent the iron rods so that they speedily became worthless.

The water used in the boiler of the engine contained material in suspension that formed in six days a hard incrustation half an inch thick, which could only be removed by chiseling. The fine sand in suspension cut away the valves, and the acids in solution rapidly destroyed the boiler and other iron work. Much time was thus lost, and new machinery could not be obtained nearer than New Orleans.

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